Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peic, Goran Author-Name: Reiter, Dan Title: Foreign-Imposed Regime Change, State Power and Civil War Onset, 1920–2004 Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 453-475 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2011 Month: July Abstract: This article proposes that foreign-imposed regime changes (FIRCs) make civil war onset more likely when they damage state infrastructural power, as in the context of interstate war, and when they change the target’s political institutions as well as leadership. Using rare events logit to analyse civil war onset from 1920 to 2004, it is found that interstate war and institutional change are virtually necessary (though not sufficient) conditions for an FIRC to cause a civil war. Many control variables are included. The results are robust to different research design specifications; nevertheless, they cannot confirm that occupation troops make an FIRC more likely to spark civil war. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123410000426/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:41:y:2011:i:03:p:453-475_00 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hobolt, Sara B. Author-Name: Høyland, Bjørn Title: Selection and Sanctioning in European Parliamentary Elections Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 477-498 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2011 Month: July Abstract: Elections are inherently about selecting good candidates for public office and sanctioning incumbents for past performance. Yet, in the low salience context of ‘second-order elections’ to the European Parliament, empirical evidence suggests that voters sanction first-order national incumbents. However, no previous study has examined whether voters also use these elections to select good candidates. This article draws on a unique dataset on the political experience of party representatives in eighty-five national elections to the European Parliament to evaluate the extent to which voters prefer candidates with more political experience. The results show that selection considerations do matter. Parties that choose experienced top candidates are rewarded by voters. This effect is greatest when European elections are held in the middle of the national electoral cycle. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123411000081/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:41:y:2011:i:03:p:477-498_00 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hopkins, Daniel J. Title: National Debates, Local Responses: The Origins of Local Concern about Immigration in Britain and the United States Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 499-524 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2011 Month: July Abstract: Theories of inter-group threat hold that local concentrations of immigrants produce resource competition and anti-immigrant attitudes. Variants of these theories are commonly applied to Britain and the United States. Yet the empirical tests have been inconsistent. This paper analyses geo-coded surveys from both countries to identify when residents’ attitudes are influenced by living near immigrant communities. Pew surveys from the United States and the 2005 British Election Study illustrate how local contextual effects hinge on national politics. Contextual effects appear primarily when immigration is a nationally salient issue, which explains why past research has not always found a threat. Seemingly local disputes have national catalysts. The paper also demonstrates how panel data can reduce selection biases that plague research on local contextual effects. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123410000414/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:41:y:2011:i:03:p:499-524_00 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gartzke, Erik Author-Name: Rohner, Dominic Title: The Political Economy of Imperialism, Decolonization and Development Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 525-556 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2011 Month: July Abstract: Nations have historically sought power and prosperity through control of physical space. In recent decades, however, this has largely ceased. Most states that could do so appear relucant, while the weak cannot expand. This article presents a theory of imperialism and decolonization that explains both historic cycles of expansion and decline and the collective demise of the urge to colonize. Technological shocks enable expansion, while rising labour costs and the dynamics of military technology gradually dilute imperial advantage. Simultaneously, economic development leads to a secular decline in payoffs for appropriating land, minerals and capital. Once conquest no longer pays great powers, the systemic imperative to integrate production vertically also becomes archaic. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123410000232/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:41:y:2011:i:03:p:525-556_00 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barakso, Maryann Author-Name: Gerrity, Jessica C. Author-Name: Schaffner, Brian F. Title: Assessing the Importance of Financial and Human Capital for Interest Group Sector Strength across American Communities Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 557-580 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2011 Month: July Abstract: One of the most profound changes in the interest group sector over the last fifty years is interest groups’ increasing need to attract financial donors in order to assure long-term sustainability. Groups’ growing propensity to attract ‘chequebook’ members is thought to compromise their ability to foster the personal involvement of individuals in their communities. Yet we know very little about the consequences of these dynamics for the strength of the interest group sector in American communities. This widespread macro-level analysis of the interest group sector indicates that human capital is more important than financial capital for the strength of a community's interest group sector. Financially disadvantaged communities may still enjoy the benefits of a strong interest group sector provided they have a citizenry equipped with time to donate. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123411000032/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:41:y:2011:i:03:p:557-580_00 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petersen, Michael Author-Name: Slothuus, Rune Author-Name: Stubager, Rune Author-Name: Togeby, Lise Title: Freedom for All? The Strength and Limits of Political Tolerance Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 581-597 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2011 Month: July Abstract: Most research on political tolerance relying on the ‘least-liked’ group approach has painted a bleak picture of low and feeble levels of tolerance. An alternative approach, permitting an evaluation of the breadth of tolerance, is combined with the use of survey experiments to demonstrate that tolerance varies considerably across target groups. Specifically, the formation of tolerance judgements is shown to differ depending on a group’s association with violent and non-democratic behaviour. Thus, tolerance is high and resilient towards groups that themselves observe democratic rights – even if these groups are disliked or feared. The theory suggests that this is caused by norms of reciprocity and, contrary to extant research, this article shows that within the limits set by these norms, tolerance is strong. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123410000451/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:41:y:2011:i:03:p:581-597_00 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Warwick, Paul V. Title: Government Intentions and Citizen Preferences in Dynamic Perspective Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 599-619 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2011 Month: July Abstract: The relationship between median citizen opinion on the left–right dimension, as measured in the Eurobarometer and European Electoral Studies series of surveys, and the left–right positions of governments in West European democracies is explored to gain a fuller understanding of how and to what extent median opinion may influence what governments subsequently set out to do. The analysis allows for the possibility that measurement may not be equivalent across countries and surveys, that the data may contain significant dynamic effects, and that different countries may exhibit different relationships between the two variables. The analyses show that changes in the citizen median generally produce larger changes in government position, the size depending mainly on the proportionality of the electoral system. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123410000542/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:41:y:2011:i:03:p:599-619_00 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Johnson, James Title: ‘The Arithmetic of Compassion’: Rethinking the Politics of Photography Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 621-643 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2011 Month: July Abstract: Compassion, theorists from Arendt to Nussbaum suggest, carries an ineluctable pressure to identify with individual suffering. The very idea of a politics of compassion verges on incoherence. Politics typically demands attention to the aggregate and it is just there that compassion falters. This is a problem for critics addressing the politics of photography, who typically presume that the point of photographs must be to elicit compassion among viewers. But a proper understanding of compassion makes this presumption highly problematic. The role of compassion in exemplary writings on the politics of photography reflects a fixation with ‘emblematic’ individual subjects in ‘classic’ American documentary practice, which prevents critics from properly grasping the best of contemporary documentary. The conclusion is that promoting solidarity provides a more plausible, if elusive, aim for the politics of photography. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123410000487/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:41:y:2011:i:03:p:621-643_00 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hamlin, Alan Author-Name: Jennings, Colin Title: Expressive Political Behaviour: Foundations, Scope and Implications Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 645-670 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2011 Month: July Abstract: A growing literature has focused attention on ‘expressive’ rather than ‘instrumental’ behaviour in political settings, particularly voting. A common criticism of the expressive idea is that it is ad hoc and lacks both predictive and normative bite. No clear definition of expressive behaviour has gained wide acceptance yet, and no detailed understanding of the range of foundations of specific expressive motivations has emerged. This article provides a foundational discussion and definition of expressive behaviour accounting for a range of factors. The content of expressive choice – distinguishing between identity-based, moral and social cases – is discussed and related to the specific theories of expressive choice in the literature. There is also a discussion of the normative and institutional implications of expressive behaviour. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123411000020/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:41:y:2011:i:03:p:645-670_00 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Keman, Hans Title: Third Ways and Social Democracy: The Right Way to Go? Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 671-680 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2011 Month: July Abstract: File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123410000475/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:41:y:2011:i:03:p:671-680_00 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sieberg, Katri Author-Name: McDonald, Michael D. Title: Probability and Plausibility of Cycles in Three-party Systems: A Mathematical Formulation and Application Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 681-692 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2011 Month: July Abstract: File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123410000396/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:41:y:2011:i:03:p:681-692_00