Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: COWLEY, PHILIP Author-Name: CHILDS, SARAH Title: Too Spineless to Rebel? New Labour's Women MPs Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 345-365 Issue: 3 Volume: 33 Year: 2003 Month: July Abstract: The 1997 British general election saw a record 120 women returned to the House of Commons, 101 of them Labour. Yet if the most striking feature of the 1997 intake into the House of Commons was the number of newly elected women, then the most striking feature of the backbench rebellions in that parliament was the lack of these women amongst the ranks of the rebels. They were less than half as likely to rebel against the party whip as the rest of the Parliamentary Labour Party; even those who did, did so around half as often. Attempts to explain this difference fall into two broad groups: (i) those that attempt to explain the difference away, as resulting from other characteristics of the women, and (ii) those that attempt to explain it – indeed, celebrate it – as evidence of a different, women's, style of political behaviour. Attempts at (i) are largely unconvincing: most of the supposed explanations for the difference do not stand up to empirical verification. Although difficult to prove, a belief in (ii) is dominant amongst the new women themselves. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123403000164/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:33:y:2003:i:03:p:345-365_00 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: McGILLIVRAY, FIONA Title: Redistributive Politics and Stock Price Dispersion Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 367-395 Issue: 3 Volume: 33 Year: 2003 Month: July Abstract: Cross-sectional time-series data from fourteen stock markets, from 1973 to 1996, are used to study how political institutions compare in affecting party governments' incentives to enrich one group of industries at the expense of another. Using measures of cross-sectoral variance of price changes within stock markets as a proxy for change in redistributive policy, I show that political change is important in both proportional representation (PR) and majoritarian systems. As parties shift in and out of government, trade and industrial policy is redistributed to favour the parties' industrial supporters. Such changes in policy increase the cross-sectoral dispersion in price changes, with newly advantaged industries seeing their stock increase, while the price of those losing favourable policy declines. The temporal impact of redistribution differs across electoral systems, with the impact of political change being more immediate in majoritarian systems and the effect being more diffuse in PR systems. Majoritarian systems are also more responsive to economic shocks, while changes in economic conditions have few discernable effects on the dispersion of stock prices in PR countries. PR systems, however, experience overall higher levels of dispersion. I contrast these results with the dominant extant arguments of radical policy shifts in majoritarian systems and policy stability in PR systems. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123403000176/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:33:y:2003:i:03:p:367-395_00 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: SMITH, ALASTAIR Title: Election Timing in Majoritarian Parliaments Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 397-418 Issue: 3 Volume: 33 Year: 2003 Month: July Abstract: I propose and test an informational theory of endogenous election timing. I assume leaders have more accurate estimates of future outcomes than citizens. The prospect of declining future performance spurs leaders to call early elections. Since leaders condition their timing decisions on their expectations of future performance, early elections signal a leader's lack of confidence in future outcomes. The earlier elections occur, relative to expectations, the stronger the signal of demise. Using data on British parliaments since 1945, I test hypotheses relating the timing of elections, electoral support and subsequent economic performance. As predicted, leaders who call elections early, relative to expectations, experience a decline in their popular support relative to pre-announcement levels. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123403000188/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:33:y:2003:i:03:p:397-418_00 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: YETIV, STEVE A. Title: Groupthink and the Gulf Crisis Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 419-442 Issue: 3 Volume: 33 Year: 2003 Month: July Abstract: ‘Groupthink’ refers to a situation in which decision makers seek to achieve concurrence among group members more than to make calculated, carefully considered decisions. In this study, the theory is explored in the case of the 1990–91 Persian Gulf crisis, with particular emphasis on President George Bush's inner circle. Using rare interviews and primary sources, it is revealed that some important conditions of the theory were present that affected how decisions were made, and it is explained theoretically why the outcome was none the less positive, contrary to what the theory would seem to predict. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123403000231/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:33:y:2003:i:03:p:419-442_00 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: BANDUCCI, SUSAN A. Author-Name: KARP, JEFFREY A. Title: How Elections Change the Way Citizens View the Political System: Campaigns, Media Effects and Electoral Outcomes in Comparative Perspective Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 443-467 Issue: 3 Volume: 33 Year: 2003 Month: July Abstract: Attitudes towards the political system have often been assumed to be stable attributes that are not easily influenced by short-term forces. We examine the extent to which attention to media coverage, campaign activity and electoral outcomes can mobilize support for the political system in the context of an election campaign. Using pre-election and post-election survey panels from the United States, Britain and New Zealand, we find only small shifts in aggregate measures of system support. However, we find that there are significant shifts in system support at the individual level that can be explained by status as election winners, attention to the media, particularly serious news coverage and economic perceptions. The results have implications for the debate over measures of system support such as trust, cynicism and efficacy. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S000712340300019X/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:33:y:2003:i:03:p:443-467_00 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: REED, STEVEN R. Author-Name: SCHEINER, ETHAN Title: Electoral Incentives and Policy Preferences: Mixed Motives Behind Party Defections in Japan Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 469-490 Issue: 3 Volume: 33 Year: 2003 Month: July Abstract: Examining the 1993 split of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in Japan offers an opportunity to gain greater insight into the impact of the various incentives that influence the behaviour of politicians. Surprisingly, previous analyses of the LDP split have been able to demonstrate only weak evidence of any electoral connection driving politicians' decisions. However, by also examining the role of policy preferences (support for reform) and utilizing interaction terms, our analysis takes into account the fact that politicians at different stages in their careers and facing different sorts of electorates respond to electoral factors in very different ways. Our findings thus confirm the importance of the electoral connection. We are also able to add that a variety of other incentives also shape political behaviour and that politicians do not necessarily all respond to similar stimuli in the same way. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123403000206/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:33:y:2003:i:03:p:469-490_00 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: YAP, O. FIONA Title: Non-Electoral Responsiveness Mechanisms: Evidence from the Asian Less Democratic Newly Industrializing Countries Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 491-514 Issue: 3 Volume: 33 Year: 2003 Month: July Abstract: Does the lack of competitive elections in the less democratic newly industrialized or industrializing countries (NICs) mean that their governments are unconstrained by their citizens' preferences for economic performance? In this article, I show how non-electoral mechanisms in the less democratic NICs of South Korea, Singapore and Malaysia constrain their governments. Governments pay attention to the effects of policies on economic performance because labour disquiet and disinvestment are likely to arise otherwise. To pre-empt labour disquiet and disinvestment, the governments offer ‘credible apologies’ that include punishment and monitoring of government when economic performance is less than optimal in these countries. When they fail to offer credible apologies, labour and producers respond with strikes and disinvestment. Governments' credible apologies play an important role in explaining labour quiescence and production investment. The argument and evidence contrasts with the general impression that governments in the less democratic NICs are constrained only by elites or are responsible only to themselves. The analysis shows that governments use bargaining mechanisms even where the citizens are perceived as meek and without bargaining strength. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123403000218/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:33:y:2003:i:03:p:491-514_00 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: WARDE, ALAN Author-Name: TAMPUBOLON, GINDO Author-Name: LONGHURST, BRIAN Author-Name: RAY, KATHRYN Author-Name: SAVAGE, MIKE Author-Name: TOMLINSON, MARK Title: Trends in Social Capital: Membership of Associations in Great Britain, 1991–98 Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 515-525 Issue: 3 Volume: 33 Year: 2003 Month: July Abstract: This Note uses the British Household Panel Study (BHPS) to consider the changing volume and distribution of voluntary association membership (and hence social capital) in Great Britain. We aim to supplement Hall's study of trends in social capital published in this Journal with more recent and longitudinal data. This allows us to show that whilst the volume of social capital is not declining, it is becoming increasingly class specific, and that its relative aggregate stability masks considerable turnover at the individual level. These findings are significant for current debates on social capital. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S000712340321022X/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:33:y:2003:i:03:p:515-525_21 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: GOLDER, MATT Title: Electoral Institutions, Unemployment and Extreme Right Parties: A Correction Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 525-534 Issue: 3 Volume: 33 Year: 2003 Month: July Abstract: In their 1996 article in this Journal, Robert Jackman and Karin Volpert analyse the systematic conditions that influence the electoral success of extreme right parties in sixteen West European countries from 1970 to 1990. In particular, they focus on the effects of unemployment, electoral thresholds and multi-partism. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123403220226/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:33:y:2003:i:03:p:525-534_22