Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: King, Desmond Title: The Politics of Social Research: Institutionalizing Public Funding Regimes in the United States and Britain Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 415-444 Issue: 3 Volume: 28 Year: 1998 Month: July Abstract: In the twenty years after 1945 both the United States and Britain created public funding regimes for social science, through the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) respectively. The historical and political contexts in which these institutions were founded differed, but the assumptions about social science concurred. This article uses archival sources to explain this comparative pattern. It is argued that the political context in both countries played a key role in the development of the two research agencies. In each country the need politically to stress the neutrality of social research – though for different reasons in each case – produced a bias towards positivist scientific methodology, untempered by ideology. This propensity created the trajectory upon which each country's public funding regime rests. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123498000192/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:28:y:1998:i:03:p:415-444_00 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gross, Kimberly A. Author-Name: Kinder, Donald R. Title: A Collision of Principles? Free Expression, Racial Equality and the Prohibition of Racist Speech Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 445-471 Issue: 3 Volume: 28 Year: 1998 Month: July Abstract: Freedom of expression is celebrated as one of the glories of the American political system. But does all speech deserve immunity? In particular, should speech designed to vilify or degrade on the basis of race be protected? Opinions on racist speech are complicated because they must accommodate two fundamental democratic principles that operate at cross purposes: freedom of expression, which implies support for racist speech, and racial equality, which implies the opposite. Using data from the 1990 General Social Survey, we examine how Americans resolve this conflict. Our major finding is that the principle of free expression dominates the principle of racial equality. What contemporary legal scholars regard as a hard case entailing a collision of democratic principles, ordinary Americans seem to interpret as a straightforward application of just a single principle. This result mirrors and perhaps reflects a nearly century-long and mostly lop-sided debate favouring free speech among American elites. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123498000209/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:28:y:1998:i:03:p:445-471_00 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cowley, Philip Author-Name: Garry, John Title: The British Conservative Party and Europe: The Choosing of John Major Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 473-499 Issue: 3 Volume: 28 Year: 1998 Month: July Abstract: This article provides an empirical analysis of voting behaviour in the second ballot of the 1990 Conservative leadership contest that resulted in John Major becoming party leader and prime minister. Seven hypotheses of voting behaviour are generated from the extant literature relating voting to socio-economic variables (occupational and educational background), political variables (parliamentary experience, career status, age and electoral marginality) and ideological variables (drawn from survey data on MPs' positions on economic, European and moral issues). These hypotheses are tested using data on voting intentions gathered from published lists of MPs' declarations, interviews with each of the leadership campaign teams, and correspondence with MPs. Bivariate relationships are presented, followed by logistic regression analysis to isolate the unique impact that each variable had on voting. This shows that educational background, parliamentary experience and (especially) attitudes to Europe were the key factors determining voting. The importance of Europe in the contest is particularly instructive: the severe problems for Major's leadership which were caused by the issue can be attributed to, and understood in the context of, the 1990 contest in which he became leader. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123498000210/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:28:y:1998:i:03:p:473-499_00 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bartle, John Title: Left-Right Position Matters, But Does Social Class? Causal Models of the 1992 British General Election Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 501-529 Issue: 3 Volume: 28 Year: 1998 Month: July Abstract: Social class has long been assumed to be the predominant social or structural determinant of voting behaviour. This article assesses the effect of class on voting behaviour at the 1992 general election by adopting the causal modelling perspective developed by Warren E. Miller and J. Merrill Shanks. It explores two mechanisms (party identification and left–right ideological positions) which may mediate the effect of class on voting behaviour. However, it demonstrates that wherever class is assumed to be located in the causal order, it does not dominate analysis of voting behaviour and left–right positions. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123498000222/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:28:y:1998:i:03:p:501-529_00 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Goodin, Robert E. Title: Review Article: Communities of Enlightenment Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 531-558 Issue: 3 Volume: 28 Year: 1998 Month: July Abstract: The Enlightenment model of social life is a seductive one. It depicts rational (or anyway reasoning) individuals choosing goals and plans and projects for themselves, with those autonomous individuals then coming together, of their own volition, in pursuit of shared interests and common goals. This founding fiction of the modern social world is well captured in the words of one Renaissance writer, who has God saying to Adam: File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123498000234/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:28:y:1998:i:03:p:531-558_00 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Somit, Albert Author-Name: Peterson, Steven A. Title: Review Article: Biopolitics After Three Decades – A Balance Sheet Journal: British Journal of Political Science Pages: 559-571 Issue: 3 Volume: 28 Year: 1998 Month: July Abstract: THE NATURE OF THE UNDERSTANDING As many political scientists know, ‘biopolitics’ is the short-hand term used to describe the approach of those in the profession who believe that biological concepts — especially evolutionary theory, which treats behaviour as the product of both nature and nurture — and biological research techniques can help us study and understand political behaviour better. File-URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123498000246/type/journal_article File-Function: link to article abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:28:y:1998:i:03:p:559-571_00